Waste Management Scandal - 861 Words

Waste Management, Inc. is the nations largest waste collector (Feder). In other words, they collect and recycle garbage. They are a known brand and dominate the regions of the country and Canada where they provide services. Grownups and kids alike see their trucks and think, Garbage. Which could sound awful, but garbage is lucrative. In the early 1990s, Waste Management, instead of just picking up the garbage, provided garbage to their investors in the form of an accounting scandal which cost investors approximately $6 billion (Bloomberg News) and was described by Thomas C. Newkirk, associate director of the SECs Division of Enforcement as one of the most egregious accounting frauds we have seen (SEC). What Mr. Newkirk is†¦show more content†¦The failure to record expenses proved addictive to the company as they continued the scheme by not lowering the value of property used for landfills as they were filled with waste which is a common expense item in such an operation (SEC). If Waste Management began a landfill project and for whatever reason abandoned it, recording the expenses of such would be common practice in an ethical company. They were not ethical. As anyone can guess based on the previous inclinations of the company, the expenses were simply not recorded, again inflating profits. Waste Managem ent, unlike every other company in America, simply did not believe in expenses. If they could capitalize a cost instead, thats what occurred. Profits rose and seemingly everyone benefited. Eventually, all such deeds came to the surface as a new CEO came on board in 1998 and ordered a complete accounting of the accounting. What was found startled the financial world but took until 2000 to finally be revealed in full. It was determined that the company had overstated earnings by $1.7 billion between 1992 and 1997, which at the time was the largest restatement in corporate history (SEC). The price of the stock fell from a high of over $50 to less than $15 per share (Finance). I cannot say this restatement affected the greater financial markets as whole but it didShow MoreRelatedWaste Management Scandal883 Words   |  4 PagesWaste Management Scandal BUS 320 Finance 1/8/16 Waste Management Waste Management Incorporated is considered the nations largest waste collector (Feder). Waste Management is a well known brand and dominates regions of the United States and Canada where they provide services. Anyone who sees their trucks tends to think, Garbage. During the early 1990s, instead of just picking up the garbage, Waste Management provided garbage to their investors in the form of an accounting scandal. ThisRead MoreWaste Management Scandal Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWaste Management Scandal Dean Buntrock established Waste Management, Inc. in 1968. Its main purpose is to pick recycling and garbage up from residential housing and businesses. WM also disposes of the garbage in landfills. It has grown to be the largest garbage disposal company in the U.S. today. This company has managed to survive â€Å"one of the most egregious accounting frauds we have seen† said Thomas C. Newkirk of the SEC. This accounting scandal lasted from 1992 to 1997 and was the resultRead MoreWaste Management Scandal ( 1998 )1173 Words   |  5 PagesWaste Management Scandal (1998) Waste Management Inc. was founded by Dean Buntrock and Wayne Huizenga in 1968. It generated $5.5 million in revenue just the first year and it reached $2 billion in 1985. By 1971, the company became more public after it acquired 133 acquisitions and it became the largest waste hauler in the nation. Waste Management Inc. manages and reduces waste, provides transfer, recycling and disposal services. 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Improve relations with people by a constant engagement with stakeholders through a marketing plan and communication tools, adopting a human resource strategy and evaluating the organizational culture through an effective communication system. 2. Planet: Improve in terms of its environmental policies by hiring a team ofRead MoreThe Garbage Problem in America Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pages The Growth of the Waste Stream Todays generation have been taught to be wasteful. We produce enormous quantities of waste, then try to bury it or burn it and forget it. But it cannot be forgotten. It washes up on our beaches, it reappears as air pollution, it creeps into our water supply; it comes back to haunt us. A throw-away society is not a sustainable society. A garbage crisis is at hand. As a nation, we have begun to worry that the growing mounds of wastes will only continue toRead MorePhar Mor Inc. : Overview1724 Words   |  7 Pagesname the new president of the new company Phar-Mor Inc. and by 1987 had increased to 70 stores and had grown even more to 200 stores by 1990 they then expanded into outlet stores in 1992 which had 25,000 employees in 35 different states. Phar-Mor Scandal In 1992 the bankruptcy of Phar-Mor Inc. cost investors $500 million. Financial problems became known in 1988 when investigation of lower-than-expected profit margin showed that Phar-Mor was billed for inventory because they had not received from TamcoRead MoreWaste Management1349 Words   |  6 PagesWaste Management is a publically traded Houston, Texas based waste and environmental services company. Founded in 1894, Waste Management is the largest disposal company in North America, handling over half of the garbage pickup in the United States. In 1998, Waste Management was involved in the largest accounting scandal involving an American company to date. Under the company’s founder and chairman Dean Buntrock, Waste Management implemented unsavory accounting practices which directly inflatedRead MoreThe Code Of Professional Conduct885 Words   |  4 Pagesproper ethical choice† (Synder, 2011). Accounting Scandals The accounting and auditing profession has been constantly making headlines throughout the past decades because of litigation against accountants. This is a major weakness in the Code of Professional Conduct that caused the accounting profession to lose the respect it has gain. In the 1990s to the 2000s accounting scandals from the Waste Management scandal in 1998 to the Saytam scandal in 2009 was discovered one after another, which onlyRead MoreWaste Management Audit Failure1399 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Background Waste Management, Inc., founded in 1894, offers environmental services to nearly 20 million residential, industrial, commercial, and municipal customers in the US, Canada, and Puerto Rico. With a large customer base, it is difficult to picture such a large company committing fraud. However, between the years of 1992 and 1997, several chief officers in the company engaged in a systematic scheme to falsify and misrepresent Waste Management’s financial results. Heading

The Need for More Medications for Dementia - 967 Words

Current medications for dementia are limited and there is a need to explore traditional medicinal system to investigate the agents that can prevent progression of memory loss or improve the existing capacity of learning and memory. Thus present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Ayurveda drug formulations, Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) Phyllanthus emblica (Pe) with and without Ocimum sanctum (Os) on learning performance and memory of mice. We also tried to investigate the possible mechanisms of these plant drugs for their effects on learning and memory using Scopolamine, Diazepam and Cyclosporine as amnesic agents. Methods: After approval of Animal Ethics Committee, Swiss albino mice of either sex, and weight 18 to 25 grams were divided into 7 groups, administered orally either distilled water, Rivastigmine (2.4mg/kg), Tc (100mg/kg), Pe (300mg/kg), Formulation 1 (Tc+Pe: 400mg/kg) and Formulation 2 (Tc+Pe+Os:400mg/kg) daily for 15 days. Piracetam (200mg/kg) was injected daily intraperitoneally for 8 days. The mice underwent a learning session using Elevated Plus maze. Retention of learning (memory) was tested 24 hours later. Results: The mice pre-treated with modern as well as Ayurveda drugs showed trend towards reduction in transfer latencies but the values were statistically comparable to vehicle control. In the entire drug treated groups, a significant reduction (p0.05) was observed after 24 hrs in transfer latencies. Vehicle control did not show suchShow MoreRelatedThe Cognitive Effects Of Single Diagnosed With Dementia1642 Words   |  7 PagesDementia is a condition resulting from obtained brain disease and distinguished by progressive decay in memory and other cognitive fields such as judgment, abstract thinking, language, and executive functioning. This disease is usually caused by degeneration in the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thoughts, memories, actions, and personality. Death of brain cells in this area leads to the impairments that distinguish dementia. Though the cognitive outline of single diagnosedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Dementia935 Words   |  4 P agesâ€Å"Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million new cases every year† (WHO). Dementia is not a specific disease. Instead, it is a broad term used to describe a wide range of symptoms that impact one’s daily functioning (ALZ). These symptoms are associated with memory, thinking, and social abilities (Mayo Clinic). While signs and symptoms of dementia can differ based on the cause, there are several common cognitive and psychological changes that occur. Common cognitive changesRead MoreTaking a Look at Dementia1005 Words   |  4 PagesDementia is a broad term that encompasses a variety of different diseases and syndromes(The dementia timebomb, 2013). 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However, our awareness of antidepressant treatments in children and adolescents, though growing substantially, is incomplete compared to our knowledge about treating depression in adults. †¢ Recently, there has been few trepidation that the use of antidepressant medications themselves may induceRead MoreSymptoms Of Patients With Dementia962 Words   |  4 Pagesexpress the pain that they feel to the people around them. This article goes into depth of how patients with dementia or Alzheimer’s don’t necessarily get the pain management to meet their needs and ways for medical professionals and the family members can understand that just because the patient cannot express the pain in a way that they understand it doesn’t mean that they are pain free. Dementia is defined in the article as ‘a group of syndromes characterized by progressive decline in cognition of

Analyzing Organizational Change Management Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Develop at least six Realistic Aassumptions that you Can add to the Issues and Problems Expressed. 2.Explain what is happening between growth and change in BTS. 3.How does the Problem Statement for BTS resemble what Gersick indicates about a Systems Deep Structure 4.Explain How and Why Narratives and Storytelling was useful to the Company5.Discuss which Modes might Change agents in BTS use and why? 6.which typology may best describe the approach that BTS might adopt and why? Answers: 1.BTS had been doing well in the Indonesian market before the adieu of Modjo from the company. The very basic problem started with the labour market and low cost supply chain in the international business. Since Modjo, the second owner of BTS, was following the path shown by his father, he did not have any dire problem in runnig the business in a national market arena. On the contrary, the international venture by his brother and sister, was likely to take the company in the international business competition. However, continuous growth of the other garment designers and suppliers from Bangladesh, Australia and USA caused BTS huge loss in the international supply management. The low cost supply of garment industry affected the Indonesian labours to a greater extent. Because of continuous blow from the international supply market the company than three hundred workers working with them. This is how Bessington Trade and Sons export rate went to the downward curve causing financial stre ss to the number of employees. After the change in the mode of business, the company did not hold forth the new retail business properly thus resulting in huge business loss and employee turn ver. The change was a positive one but the change was brought in a sudden circumstance without profound analysis of the existing market. The change of making designer clothes for the offshore market was quite innovative one in terms of the current trend of the Indonesian market that has influenced the making cost and supply costs of the products. In order to compete the international market, it has been realised that sudden market challenge brought difficulties in the high cost of labour engagement and supply chain operations. There are different change management issues. In the provided case study the issues related to change management had been lack of communication, being low on Totem pole, lack of swift change, lack of proper training, failure in the change and unacceptability in the changes (Armenakis and Harris 2009). The basic issues that BTS underwent during the change were that Khadiji was not acting according to the want of the other board members. As per their views, they studied the operational issues of Bangladesh garment industry and tried to implement the changes according to the situational differences. However, Khadiji did not understand the present situation of the Indonesian market as well as the labours engagement process in the company. Since the company was not able to understand the local movement, the change was wrongly implemented. Another major change management issue faced by BTS during Khadiji period was lack of proper communication between the management body and the labourers. Most of the employees were not aware of the changes that Khadiji and his sister were planning implemented. Thus they could not cope up with the new systems in terms of production and market supply. Since the market supply swiftly changed, no one could embrace the sudden change. In order to access the global market Khadiji brought difficulties in the internal operations of the organisation. This is how the employees and the market of BTS were equally shattered. 2.According to the Larry Greiner, the growth of an organisation depends highly on the evolution caused due to the organisational change management. The researcher has illustrated two basic factors behind the growth of an organisation. According to Greiner, life span of an organisation determines the success rate and operational growth of it. He has designed a model on this aspect in terms of judging the growrh rate of a company. Since the growth rate of a company depends on its historical practices as well as its understanding of the present without living much to the history of its own, the history has somehow its effect upon the overall change and the growth of the company. Greiner has designed the frame of two stages of a company- the stage of evolution and the stage of revolution. He opines that the growth of the company is directly proportionate to the size of the company. This is how the entire operational change is based on the stage the company is currently standing at. Both the stages- evolution and revolution pass through different organisational phases. In terms of the evolution stages, a company has its phase when it grows through creativity in the operational activities. The next phase is the phase of growth through the direction towards goal that is followed by the phase of growth through delegation of the employers as well as the employees. The last two phases are the phases of coordination and collaboration. These are related to the activity of the employees in an organisation. On the other hand, during the revolution period, there lies the crisis instead of growth. According to Greiner, there are crisis period generated by leadership, the is a crisis of autonomy, there is crisis of control, crisis of red tape that leads to an anonymous crisis. The last phase of crisis depends on the step taken by the organisations. If there is no change in due time, the crisis keeps continuing thus leading to the stage of decline. In the case of BTS the company was currently standing at its revolutionary stage. During its evolutionary period the company had its period of creativity that was oriented with the employee management by the owner of BTS. Due to successful direction of the leader, the company was skill fully under certain development. The delegation f both the working labourers and the owner carried forward BTS to be one of the largest garment manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Hard work and delegation was driven by the collaborative and coordinating working technique by the employer and the employees (Waddell et al. 2013). However, the crisis period during the age of Khadija was visible because of the lack of proper leadership that as vividly felt during the early years of the companys foundation. There was a crisis of autonomy during the years when Khadija wanted to turn BTS into a retailer as well as manufacturer of garment. This is how the company was under a threat or crisis of autonomy. It was indeed that the company lost its control upon the market in the global arena. Hence, it was under continuous threat from the competitors from Bangladesh and USA. The practising managers now needed to achieve the lost success of the company and retain the glory of its history. The basic change that the organisation needed was on the thorough study of its history. The success of BTS and employee retention drastically went down under the leadership of Khadija, the new CEO of BTS. The change was not brought and suggested with thorough understanding of the companys history and its success in the past days. It is true that modern techniques in the change management plans is quite different from the past days, however, some basic learning can be helpful in case of the changes a company would like to bring in its operational and marketing strategies so as to reach to the height of the market in global aspect (Stoltzfus, Stohl and Seibold 2011). The researcher has witnessed and studied some procedural changes that the companies undertake during the crisis period. He has segmented the initiatives in different working structures. According to the change categories, the management focus works on different stages: making of sell, efficiency of operations, expansion of market, consolidation of the organisations either with the suppliers or with the retailers and problem solving through innovative working mindset. According to Malhotra and Hinings, change and community are the basic two poles that are used in the same process. The same indicative method in change management system can be studied with reference to BTS change management system. The change management system has been illustrated with the help of a diagram where both of the aforesaid researchers have developed an action plan in regards to the change management strategies of a company. The aforesaid researchers have found a company that has developed its structural frame in three different bodies- the governance, structure and system. With the help of efficiency of these three aspects the need for management and business development arises. The need for management evolves from the governance, and the need for marketing. According to the need, the changes are triggered by the concerning authority of the organisation. Now it needs to be analysed whether BTS has adopted the theory presented by Malhotra and Hinings or the theory of hist orical development presented by Greiner. Operations and staff management by George Bessington in the yerly 80s of BTS, can be treated as an ideal one. However, in the later years the offspring of Bessington only managed to follow the pathway paved by George Bessington. In this case, the leaders of BTS Company have been following the historical strategies designed by their forefather. The junior most owners of the company did not bring much change from their own this is how they could not afford to understand the need of the change according to the changing scenario of the market. As the company did not give away any of its share in order to bring consolidation with the suppliers and retailers, it had to face the issues in the global supply chain and retail business. Because of its failure in the market arena, the company had to implement the historical process of growth and evolution. According to me, the theory of Malhotra and Hinnings could not be much implemented during the analysis of BTSs change management plan. 3.Gersick has referred to system deep structure in Hayes as the fundamental selection of a company that determines the pattern of basic activity in order to maintain its existence. It has been repeatedly argued that the deep structures are highly unwavering due to the stalk of choices or selection made by the organisations. According to Gersick, there are five domains representing am organisational deep culture. These are: Culture Strategy Power Distribution Structure and Control System These are the interrelated parts and they are maintained by the reciprocated dependencies among themselves. The correlation among these parts helps a company distribute its insight into effective change management system. Hayes refers to the argument by Hinings that there is astrength of torpor limiting the probability for incremental change and that this confrontation to change always remains the strongest during the tight consolidation of the mutual dependencies. According to Gersick and Hayes, there is a degree of embedding criterion that has become the strength varying between the business sectors (Worley and Mohrman 2014). In regards to the change management system undertaken by BTS , it can be said that the mutual domains of the culture strategy, power distribution, structure and control system lacked proper coordination among themselves thus disrupting the entire system of the deep structure of the company. After the power transfer in the company, the deep structure was poorly managed and it did not even follow the required path to regain the lost glory. The later CEOs of the company did not bring culture and strategy together into the company and it resulted in poor infrastructural amendment. Power distribution was not there as every decision pertaining to the change was handled by the head of the company without concerning the board members. The basic difference between the earliest leaders and the latter ones lay in the fact that the former ones would bring into the policy of structural cohesion in the company pertaining to the mutual feedback policies. On the other hand Hijoshas policy of change management did not address the labours, the board members and the suppliers. In terms of retail business it also wanted to hold the power and control however ending in complete disruption. 4.The story telling option in the organisation brings the basic cultural innovation for the employees by the employers. Workplace stories purpose as folklore within the company. The stories are spread through each retelling. These tales provide involvedness within an organisation. Since most of the organisations are seen to practise such story retelling activities, it has come into form as a change management action in terms of increasing employee involvedness (Brown and Eisenhardt 1997). According to Dailey, there are three forms and functions of the retold stories in an organisation:Behaviour ControlOppositional StoriesDifferentiation or Integration Preparation for the Future for Changes (Dailey and Browning 2014) The form- behaviour control serves as lesion to the employees working in an organisation. It also serves as propaganda to the behaviour that is generally encouraged by the moral. Dailey suggested that even these kinds of stories can be shared in a strategic manner in order to bring the best potential out of the employees. In order to bring out the best competency from the employees the stories are filtered and retold to the working staff thus causing organisational as well as operational changes. On the other hand, oppositional stories provide an outlet for expressing frustration to with the company. 5.According to Hayes, there are different levels of Change target: Individual LevelGroup LevelInter- Group LevelOrganisational LevelTrans -organisational Level In order to bring the required change in an organisation, there needs to depth of intervention. It constitutes human process, technological structural process, human resource and strategic process. The depth of intervention depends upon the level of intervention and the issues that are diagnosed in due course of the change management analysis. So far as the depth of BTS is concerned, it has to be analysed through the understanding of collaborative intervention process. The dynamic of change can impact upon the starting point of the change operations. Collaborative intervention needs attitude to bring the change. For instance, the joint venture of the CEO and the other board member in BTS did not diagnose the problem throughout the operations and analysis. The problem for BTS lay in the fact that it did not address the entire consolidation with the suppliers as well as the retailers. As per Hayes, interventions are used for their fashionable order. In terms of resolving the problem of BTS the survey did not take place and lack of proper diagnosis did not address the change method in a collaborative manner (Burnes 2004). 6.The type of change related to BTS can be categorised under remedial versus developmental change typology. According to Hayes , change can be projected to remedy the prsen situations of the company. As far as the present situation of BTS is concern, the change was to lessen the cost of the production as the customers of garment and textile industry have the tendency to buy cheap and trendy clothes from the market. Hence, the best provider of those cheap and better materials could remain unbeaten in the market competition. Tonny decided to lessen the cost of production by decreasing the labour wages and it was not even friendly to the workers. There were two fold change methods proposed by the present owner of BTS. In terms of changing the production and sales in the market, the siblings wanted remedial as well as developmental changes by revamping the ongoing plan of facilitating the workers in the company. Reference: Armenakis, A.A. and Harris, S.G., 2009. Reflections: Our journey in organizational change research and practice.Journal of Change Management,9(2), pp.127-142. Brown, S.L. and Eisenhardt, K.M., 1997. The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations.Administrative science quarterly, pp.1-34. Burnes, B., 2004.Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Pearson Education. Burnes, B., 2004.Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Pearson Education. Dailey, S.L. and Browning, L., 2014. Retelling stories in organizations: Understanding the functions of narrative repetition.Academy of Management Review,39(1), pp.22-43.. Das, B., 1999. Development of a comprehensive industrial work design model.Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing Service Industries,9(4), pp.393-411. Stoltzfus, K., Stohl, C. and Seibold, D.R., 2011. Managing organizational change: Paradoxical problems, solutions, and consequences.Journal of organizational change management,24(3), pp.349-367. Tushman, M.L. and O'Reilly, C.A., 1996. The ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change.California management review,38(4), pp.8-30. Waddell, D., Creed, A., Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C., 2013.Organisational change: Development and transformation. Cengage Learning. Worley, C.G. and Mohrman, S.A., 2014. Is change management obsolete?.Organizational Dynamics,43(3), pp.214-224.

When Exactly Is It In Life When You Expect That Your Becoming An Adult

When exactly is it in life when you expect that your becoming an adult? For me I think I'm still in transition. I am ready for the real world but I still trying to get use to being responsible. I got a job for the responsibility and to make money but when I should be accounting for how much money I make I simply slack off. In fact I don't even do it. I should also be saving but I can't even do that. Once I get my check I am ready to spend it and regret it later when I'm broke. There have been many times when I had to resort to the change in my ashtray for gas money. Growing up is something that I look as bittersweet. It's great that that I am going to have responsibility and have more control of my life, but I also scars me. What if I fail? What if I make those bad decisions? I've never been a very responsible person, I look to other for help and for guidance but I am going to have to start doing it on my own. Responsibility isn't hard but its something I have to get use to. Having a job is great. You have money, you have responsibility but I can't say Well, I don't feel like working today so I'm not going in. It is a commitment and maybe that's something that I had a problem with simply because a feeling of being trapped. The feeling that you have an obligation that you must keep. Not all commitments are negative. A lot of these commitments help you grow as a person. The best example of that is a relationship of mine. This relationship has help me grow in so many ways, it is the best thing that has happen in my life. I have learned that you're not the only one that matters in the world and as soon as I got into this relationship I all of a sudden reset my priorities. I look at what really mattered to me, and I put myself at the bottom. It's not because I had no self-esteem or I wasn't worth it but because there are things in life that are more important than just myself. I became more considerate. I'm still not as considerate as I would like to be but I'm working on it. I put the people that were the most important to men at the top because I knew that they would be there for me when I needed them. I may not have always been there for them but they are still there for me because they really care about me. Even if we got into a fight an hour ago, those people a re willing to drop for the sake of you and your feeling and that is truly when you know that you are loved. A problem that I was only able to see in retrospect is that I never really a good listener. It's one thing to hear something but it's another to just listen for many people (mostly guys). A lot of the time people just want you to listen and understand them, not try and fix it. They want you to understand what they are taking about and you can't really focus on what they are talking about and trying to figure out a way to solve it at the same time. I doesn't take much to listen. There are a lot of time when people just want to tell you what's on their mind, whether they have a problem or not. It's a feeling everyone loves. Being heard. Being able to know that someone can see it the way you see, knowing someone can relate. Another big problem that I had was that I never was really open with people. I never shared my problem with the people that cared about me. I simply felt "well; it's my problem. I should deal with it." Why burden anyone else with my problems? But what I didn't see was that I was hurting the people around me. When you know something is wrong with someone and they won't tell you, you

African American Literature essays

African American Literature essays In his Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man, James Weldon Johnson explores the meaning of "passing" in an American society. The reader never learns the name of the narrator in the novel, but you learn that its of little importance. The crisis throughout the novel centers on the narrator discovering his identity. At times the narrator regrets his failure to the black race, he says, I am an ordinary white man who has made a little money. They are men who are making history and a race. (p.861) But this uncertainty is the heart of the novel, classifying human beings merely by the color of skin is impulsive and arbitrary. While revealing his decision, the ex-colored man disregards his black race and misrepresents his strong uniqueness. There are many causes that lead to his development to pass. (All subsequent quotations come from The Norton Anthology, African American Literature.) There are many causes that may have led the central character to pass; one example reflects on his upbringing. His mother tells him, "The best blood of the South is in you," (p.784) when the narrator asks whom his father is. Clearly, his mother was proud of (and perhaps still in love with) this genteel white man who gave her a son. His pretty and intelligent mother, his sole parent, made her way in the world by connecting her destiny to that of a white man's. From this, the central character saw the love his mother had for a white man. So the central characters audacious decisions make much sense in light of his past. He was told of his fathers proud standing and scholarly accomplishments. This influenced the idea onto the character, that in order to be successful and content you must be white. The central character dreams of, "bringing glory and honor to the Negro race." (p.788) But in reality, he surrenders to the more self-serving choice of passing and neglects his bla ...

WWl essays

WWl essays There were many pros and cons of the United States getting involved in World War I. Some reasons are as follows. Economics - trade, banking, industry - all are affected by war. A permanent stance of neutrality by the U.S. would have permanently scarred our relationships with GBR and France. Possible protection of our borders, with the Zimmerman Telegram being intercepted by Britain from Germany to Mexico we knew that our country was in danger, so we had to get involved. Some propose that the US was never actually neutral, but had been supporting the British all along. Others propose that as German forces crept into the Atlantic and threatened to conquer Britain, the US felt that its defenses and the country's security were threatened, again justifying involvement in the war. It is impossible to pinpoint the entry of the United States to a number of certain events and it was most definitely a combination of many factors. Most Americans favored staying out of the conflict and P resident Wilson publicly stated that the United States would follow a policy of neutrality. However; it was just a matter of time before the United States would find itself in the middle of the Great War (Bass). The war in Europe raged on and Americans were clearly on the side of the allies. The Germans were painted as the aggressors, and Americans came to believe that the Germans were vicious and blood thirsty (social). Case in point was the way the Germans conducted their submarine attacks in the ocean. This was called unrestricted submarine warfare. On May 7, 1915 the British cruise ship Lusitania was sunk by German U-boats off the coast of England. Over 1.198 lives were lost including 128 Americans. This act set off the American people who wanted revenge. However; the Germans backed off and in 1916 the Germans agreed to the Sussex pledge which ended unrestricted submarine warfare. This put off the inevitable Ameri ...

Evaluate one aspect of care that you have experienced during the Essay

Evaluate one aspect of care that you have experienced during the course that has changed since you left Nursing Practice in 1999. The practice of urinary cathet - Essay Example Urinary tract infection related to the use of urinary catheter is often associated with the increase rate of morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. (Tal et al., 2005) Therefore, it is necessary for health care professionals to continuously improve the hospice and palliative care. To enable the readers to fully understand the subject matter, a list of related definition of words will be provided followed by discussing the main purpose of urinary catheterization and evaluating the impact of using urinary catheter on terminally ill patients who are admitted in a hospice environment. As part of evaluating the practice of using urinary catheter on terminally ill patients, a literature review will be gathered to examine the health benefits of using urinary catheter in terms of promoting dignity and comfort on terminally ill patients. Contrary to the health benefits of using the practice of catheterization, the associated risks of infection and ways to prevent infection among the patients will be thoroughly discussed prior to conclusion. Hospice Care – special care given to terminally ill patients which aims to improve the quality of life by relieving their pain and other symptoms during the last few days in a person’s life. (Avert, 2009a) Overactive bladder (OAB) – â€Å"a form of urinary incontinence in which sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscle surrounding the bladder produce an urgent need to urinate – often so sudden that the person with the condition is unable to make it to the bathroom in time (a condition known as urge incontinence)† (UCLA, 2009). There are a lot of urinary problems which normally occurs when a person reaches the old age. In some cases, illnesses and physical injuries may also contribute to urinary problems. In general, â€Å"the human organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves function together in

Evocative Object Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evocative Object - Research Proposal Example Constant suspense is a common trait that fearful people possess. There are many kinds of fear. These are namely fear of getting old, decision-making, career change, public speaking and many other kinds. Another very common source of fear is from superstition. A very common example of superstition is that of Friday the 13 of any month of the year. Previous researchers such as Dosey shows that Friday the 13th superstitions are rooted in ancient bad luck associations especially with the day Friday and the number 13 (119). There is also a biblical reference to 13 as an unlucky number. Judas, who was one of the apostles, betrayed Jesus and was said to have been the 13th guest during the Last Supper. This research will predominantly involve interaction with people since fear is something that is developed in people’s minds. The kinds of research designs to be employed in this research are Quantitative and Qualitative. According to Belinda in a Quantitative research design, the Descriptive Model would be most favorable since it describes phenomena as they exist (45). This model makes use of raw data for research. This data is collected through administering questionnaires, carrying out observations and interviews. The people to participate in the interviews will be sampled using Random Sampling techniques. This research may refer to research that relates to this current research to get good information from it. Based on the information collected from the research, evaluation and analysis shall be carried out. The results from the analysis shall be used to create patterns from which decisions will be made to state whether the research was successful or futile. Dr. Belinda Biscoe, presented an article that shows the different types of research designs that can be used in any research. They have been broken down such that the reader may understand the differences put into gathering of information for the

Relationship change Essay Example for Free

Relationship change Essay 1. Why do Maggie, the first-person narrator, the mother, and Dee do not have a very close relationship? Maggie and mother (on the one hand) and Dee on the other do not have a good relationship because of their differing beliefs about the function of heritage and culture. Dee’s arrogance has led her away from her roots, and her belief about the relics of their heritage is to place them on show. Her mother and sister, on the other hand, are one with their heritage and believe they should continue to practice their traditions. What do the quilts and the butter churn symbolize? The quilts and butter churn are the symbols of the heritage that Dee would like to put on display, but which Maggie and their mother would like to continue to embrace and use. 3. How would you describe Maggie and Moms interaction? Maggie and her mother understood each other well and agreed in their perspective toward their situation and history. They were close, as both felt themselves distanced in their â€Å"ignorance† from the station to which Dee supposed herself to have risen. Maggie read to her mother and it comforted her, which is in contrast to the inferiority Dee made them both feel when she used to read to them. Maggie’s mother feels protective of her, and knows that she understands the true meaning of their heritage. This is shown in the way she takes the quilts from Dee and turns them over firmly to Maggie. 4. By what incident was Maggie traumatized? Maggie was traumatized when she was burned badly in a fire that consumed the house the family had previously live in. 5. Does Maggie and Moms relationship change throughout the story? If yes, why does the relationship change? The relationship between Maggie and her mother deepen near the end of the story when her mother realizes the sacrificial nature that Maggie has. She comes to understand how many things have been reserved for Dee and yet how few have ever been reserved for Maggie. The mother perceives a lack of entitlement in her character—that is, Maggie never feels anything should rightly happen in her favor. The two become closer when the mother begins trying to bolster the girl’s self esteem by making her believe her feelings are worth denying Dee some of her desires.

Terri Schiavo Should NOT Have Been Kept Alive Essay example -- Right t

Terri Schiavo Should NOT Have Been Kept Alive Does a written document such as a living will decide when someone should die or should the verbal wishes of the incapacitated person be followed if known? Such as the controversy over when life begins, we now face the ultimate question of when does life end. In 1990, Terri Schiavo, a young Florida woman suffered a heart attack caused by bulimia leaving her brain without oxygen for six minutes. According to medical opinions, she has limited involuntary physical movement. She has remained in a persistent vegetative state ever since. Terri did not have a living will or medical directive in place at the time of her heart attack. Michael Schiavo, Terri’s husband, has repeatedly sought the courts intervention to allow his wife’s feeding tube to be removed and she be allowed to die. On more than one occasion Michael Schiavo testified before judges stating that his wife’s wishes were to never be â€Å"hooked up† to a machine to save her life. He insists that she expressed this to him and others on more than one occasion. He further declares that she would rather die than to live as she is forced to do now. Others have also testified that this statement is true. In 1993 a court awarded Terri $1 million dollars in a medical malpractice suit, and granted her husband authority over the money to use for her care (Goldenberg, 2003). When questioned regarding his motives for wanting Terri to die, he emphatically denies her death would bring him any type of reward or satisfaction (Smith, 2004). If Terri dies her husband inherits the funds remaining in the malpractice suit. At the time of this writing, Terri’s husband lives with another woman and two children he has fathered with her without bei... ...2004, n.d.). Information about advance directives. Retrieved October 29, 2004, from http://www.health-first.org/hospitals_services/advance_directives.cfm Hennesy, P. F. (2004, October 24). Varying degrees of disgust. The Sierra Times, , . Retrieved October 31, 2004, from http://www.sierratimes.com/04/10/25/panhennessy.htm Lama, D. (1973, n.d.). Dalai Lama's speech. Retrieved October 31, 2004, from http://www.purifymind.com/DalaiLama.html Martinez, M., & Kampert, P. (2003, October 23). State to probe family's claim of spousal abuse ; Agency to protect the disabled could have decisive role. Chicago Tribune, , 24. MedicineNet.Com (1996-2004, n.d.). Advance medical directives. Retrieved October 26, 2004, from http://www.medicinenet.com/advance_medical_directives/page2.htm Smith, W. J. (2004, January 19). Beyond Terri's law. The Weekly Standard, 9(18), 14.

Changing Family Dynamics

The Acceptance of Multifaceted Lifestyles The New Western Family A white picket fence surrounding a red-brick house in which a doting wife, successful and hard-working husband, and two and one half children reside was, at one point in time, the epitome of North American life. Since the era of that belief has passed, North American society is being affected by various factors that act as catalysts for the fall of the American Dream and the subsequent rise in the embodiment of increasingly different family structures.Modern North American culture prides itself in its inclusiveness and adaptability, yet it is prepared to accept that the definition of a family is no longer one of concrete wording? According the Andrew Cherlin, â€Å"Marriage has undergone a process of deinstitutionalization—a weakening of the social norms that define partners’ behaviour—over the past few decades (2004: 848). Studies in divorce, cohabitation, remarriage, and the legalization of gay a nd lesbian unions have proven that the nuclear family no longer consists of a man, woman, and a reasonable number of children.This literature review not only explores and distinguishes various factors discussed in pieces of work that influence North American society to embrace demographically diverse structures both also discusses the potential for a future resurfacing of the American Dream. Divorce and the Nuclear Family A nuclear family is commonly defined as a father, mother, and dependent children. This definition is being deconstructed by many factors, primarily through divorce. The introduction of no-fault unilateral divorce laws in North America forms the query of whether divorce rates were affected or not.According to Justin Wolfers (2006:1806), author of ‘Did Unilateral Divorce Laws Raise Divorce Rates? A Reconciliation and New Results’, both types of divorce, consensual and otherwise, form a particular number of divorces each year. These subcategories of divor ce, however, do not comprise the amount of divorces that occur annually though the simple process of marital unsuitability. Andrew Cherlin (2005:36) writes that in the early 1900s, â€Å"about 10 percent of all marriages ended in divorce, and the figure rose to about one-third for marriages begun in 1950.But the rise was particularly sharp during the 1960s and 1970s, when the likelihood that a married couple would divorce increased substantially. † This threat of divorce may have been, in fact, what prevented young adults from getting married in the first place. Rather than marry with the fear of divorce, a sense of security can be established by remaining single for longer periods of time. The age at which many individuals first marry has increased and now rests between 25 and 30 years of age (Cherlin 2005:40). The rate of divorce has seemingly plateaued as of recently.However, this does not indicate that the introduction of no fault unilateral divorce laws did not impact th e rates of divorce in any way. The chain-reaction caused by these laws is one that directly influences marriage. Marriages have become less frequent, and their decline unequivocally results in an analogous fall in the number of divorces (Rasul 2003:28). Andrew Cherlin (2004:849) discusses that the decrease in marriages has much to do with its deinstitutionalization process. North American society is adopting new methods of living as family units, such as cohabitation and remarriage.Cohabitation, Remarriage, and the Nuclear Family Cohabitation is the act of living, unmarried, with a partner. According to Cherlin, a large number of couples cohabitate as a replacement for marriage. However, a similar amount of these relationships dissolve within twenty-four months, suggesting that it is not a strong alternative for a marital union (2005:35). During the twentieth century, typical beliefs surrounding marriage were again changing. Having children, living together, and maintaining sexual r elationships are all facets of life that were beginning to fit the social norms established (Cherlin 2005:40).Regarding the success of marriages associated with pre-marital cohabitation, indicators are not positive, as many unions fail shortly after being made legal (Rasul 2003:30). This being said, not all new marriages end in disaster. Remarriage is a new marriage to a new partner, and is an increasingly prevalent family structure in North American society. Following divorce, individuals who decide to marry again engage in remarriage. This type of marriage can involve parties who have children or who are childless. In the case that children are involved, step-families are created.As quoted by Godina in the review of, ‘Understanding Stepfamilies: Their Structure and Dynamics’, fellow writer, Grinwald, believes that, â€Å"by the year 2000 the stepfamily will be the predominant family structure in the United States and will actually outnumber the nuclear family† (Godina cited Grinwald 2001:318). This statement is in accordance with others, all supporting the conviction that stepfamilies are becoming an increasingly dominant family structure and that many children will be members of one in their lifetimes (Godina 2001:318).Individuals who do not remarry, or those who have not been previously married take on different family structures then those previously discussed. These forms are the single-parent household or a lone existence. Single Parents, Habitual Solitude, and the Nuclear Family Contrary to the nuclear family structure previously discussed are the family structures involving single parenthood and habitual solitude. There are two primary ways in which single-parent families are established, the first being through divorce.A divorced parent who has children and makes the decision not to remarry establishes themself as a single-parent family unit. The second way is through unwed pregnancy. This lifestyle is not only growing in populari ty for couples alone, but it is also adopting a sense of normalcy to incorporate the birth of children. According to Cherlin, as cohabitation is generally seen as equivalent to marriage in modern North American society, many children that would at first be deemed illegitimate are in actuality, not.Rather, they are born of a cohabitating couple. (2004:849). The authors of, ‘Context and Inclusivity in Canada’s Evolving Definition of the Family’, Nicholas Bala and Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich concur with Cherlin’s hypothesis, stating that the increased number of children being raised by single parents can be explained not only by the increase in divorce rates and corresponding rise in couple separation and the births of children in cohabitating relationships rather than marriages (2002:148).For individuals who have no children and no existing desire to wed or cohabitate, there is the option of living by oneself. This lifestyle choice is also increasing in North A merican society, even if only for part of a person’s life. Achieving success and happiness are often considered common goals shared by the majority of North American society. For many, this means acquiring a post-secondary education and procuring an enjoyable, rewarding career.These two objectives, receiving an education and job position, are two things, according to Andrew Cherlin that young adults are completing before considering marriage (2004:852). Stefan Buzar, Philip E. Ogden, and Ray Hall’s article titled, ‘Households matter: the quiet demography of urban transformation’, is in accordance with Cherlin’s report, stating that the new trends being discovered in family demographics include evidence supporting the idea that not only are the traditions surrounding marriage devolving, but marriage itself is changing and is often being put off by adults (2005:416).Not only are members of North American society delaying marriage, but some are assumin g roles in an entirely different form of marriage than that historically accepted. This form is that of same-sex relationships. Homosexuality and the Nuclear Family Once prohibited, same-sex unions are no longer a thing of the past, as the lesbian-gay community has received and is continuing to receive support from North American society regarding both marriage legalization and lifestyle recognition (Bala and Bromwich 2002:148).This statement is in agreement with Cherlin’s article, ‘The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage’, in which he discusses how the deinstitutionalization of marriage was influenced not only by the acceptance of lifestyles such as cohabitation and non-marital conception, but also by the window of opportunity the aforementioned factors created for same-sex relationships to emerge as a new lifestyle choice (2004:852).Same-sex unions, which are now accepted in many countries including Canada and a number of American States is the newest a ddition to the breakdown of marriage as an institution, yet despite its unspoken level of normalcy, organizations such as the Roman Catholic Church do not view it in positive light. In fact, â€Å"in January 2001, the Vatican released a document attacking homosexual unions as ‘a deplorable distortion’, signifying ‘a serious sign of the contemporary breakdown in the moral conscience† (Bala and Bromwich 2002:165). The disdain towards same-sex partnership however, is not seen in all religious communities.Similar to legal institutions, they too are slowly changing their perspectives on gay and lesbian marriages. The shift from, at one point in time, displaying no support for same-sex unions whatsoever to showing an increasing amount annually suggests that there is new hope for the diversity of family demographics. The Future of Family Structures The out-dated, seemingly archaic beliefs that a family is comprised of a man, woman, and their dependent children is now steadily being replaced in North American society by the ideology that a family unit can consist of a number of combinations of men, women, and children.From single parents with children to large step-families and from gay and lesbian couples to habitually single individuals, the information and knowledge discussed in this literature review is purposed to open the eyes of North American society and equip them with the ability to readily accept the new and more diverse family structures mentioned and prepare society for the new definition of family. As discussed in Andrew Cherlin’s article, the future of the North American family structure cannot be determined exactly.Rather, it can be hypothesised that family demographics will continue to change and create more diverse structures, or the demographics will revert to the way they were during the era of the American Dream (2004:858). Studying family demographics and the factors that influence their changes is important to so ciety because in order to be fully accepting of new family forms, the North American society must first understand them. In fact, Jean M.Lynch states in her article, ‘Considerations of Family Structure and Gender Composition: The Lesbian and Gay Stepfamily’ that, â€Å"the study of alternative family forms as unique and a recognition of distinct challenges and strengths is of paramount importance in expanding the family studies research,† (2000:94). North American society is becoming increasingly inclusive of multifaceted family forms. Factors mentioned in this literature review such as divorce, remarriage, single parenting, are continuously impacting demographics concerning family diversity.The iteration of defining a contemporary North American family has, and likely will continue to change over the years. However, in continuing to accept a variety of family structures, North American societies will move forward demographically, and therefore promote further de velopment of the family structure. References Bala, Nicholas. , and Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich. 2002. â€Å"Context and Inclusivity in Canada’s Evolving Definition of the Family. † International Journal of Law, Policy, and the Family 16(2):148 Buzar, Stefan, Philip E. Ogden, and Ray Hall. 2005. Households matter: the quiet demography of urban transformation. † Progress in Human Geography 29(4): 416. Cherlin, Andrew J. 2005. â€Å"American Marriage in the Early Twenty-First Century. † The Future of Children 15(2):33-55 Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. â€Å"The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage. † Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4):849 Cherlin, Andrew J. 2010. â€Å"Demographic Trends in the United States: A Review of Research in the 2000s. † Journal of Marriage and Family 72(3):409 Godina, E. 2001. Review of Understanding Stepfamilies: Their Structure and Dynamics. Edited by Craig A. Everett.Journal of Biosocial Science 33(2):317-318 Lynch, Jean. 2000. â€Å"Considerations of Family Structure and Gender Composition: The Lesbian and Gay Stepfamily. † Journal of Homosexuality 40(2):81-95 Rasul, Imran. 2003. â€Å"The Impact of Divorce Laws on Marriage. † Department of Business, University of Chicago and CEPR, Chicago, Illinois. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved 4 November 2011 http://www. cepr. org/meets/wkcn/3/3519/papers/Rasul. pdf Wolfers, Justin. 2006. â€Å"Did Unilateral Divorce Laws Raise Divorce Rates? A Reconciliation and New Results. † The American Economic Review 96(5):1806, 1814.

Young Love and Relationships

Young Love and Relationships Everybody feels love at one time or another, be it a love for a family member or a friend. Some people fall in and out of love on a regular basis while others take time to find just the right one. Everyone experiences this differently. Love between two people is distinct and exceptional. Although being in love with someone is easy and free, love is still a powerful emotion that can build and destroy. Since majority of the youth in our society start with their first love and relationship at the age of thirteen, many are also fooled.Many confuse true love with infatuation. Although this is not entirely a bad thing, still many are often caught in sticky situations. (i. e. Pre-marital Sex, Teenage Pregnancy, Heartbreak, Suicide) Objectively, Webster says that the meaning of true love is a  sweetheart or  a  truly  loving  or  loved  person. Furthermore more, Webster also defines relationships as an emotional and sexual association between two pe ople. As for me, I believe that true love and relationships are the ones that God continuously give us. In 1 Corinthians 13: 4-7 (NIV), it is said that â€Å"Love is patient; love is kind.It does not envy; it does not boast; it is not proud. It is not rude; it is not self-seeking; it is not easily angered; it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight on evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects; always trusts; always hopes; always perseveres. † True love is often confused with romantic love (infatuation) since both are all consuming and overwhelming, and if teenagers are not guided well, things can spiral out of hand. But when guided and founded with the will of God, years would go by as love develops into a real and secure emotional.The verse stated above shows what true love is really about. True love never asks for anything in return; it never gets tired of giving. But amidst all these, giving still has its boundaries. That is why everybody, mainly teens should know that unconditional love has nothing to do with sex, exploitation or subjugation. Right now, teenage girls around the world are getting pregnant because they thought having sex with their boyfriend proves love. But what did they get? Being left behind, an ounce of heartbreak and a baby to take care of at such a young age.Was getting their lives destroyed worth the few hours of pleasure in bed? I believe not. However, some are pressured into marriage as a sense of responsibility, but statistics show that although things may start like a fairytale, ninety percent of the teens that get married due to unplanned pregnancy get divorced or separated within a span of six years. You see, there is a right time for everything, for real love waits for that. Love never fails to forgive and it sacrifices for the other, but these sacrifices should have its limits – one that would ensure that no one gets hurt.Shakespeare, one of the greatest playwright and love advocate, compared romantic love to being intoxicated in his play â€Å"The Tempest†. Romantic love often clouds a person's judgment causing him to be confused on what the right decisions should be. It is like drug or alcohol that it takes over all the person's senses, somehow causing him to make many big decisions with all the wrong motives. Most of the time, lovers base their decisions on each other considering how they can be of help to each other. Together, they continuously grow emotionally and spiritually.Now, don't get me wrong. There is a big difference between depending on each other for the better and not being able to live without the other. The latter is a mere infatuation or romantic love. For example, a person in a long term and serious relationship gets offered his dream job, but the job requires him to move to another country, thus leaving his partner behind. The person being left behind would probably force the other to stay and because romantic love can be really selfless, he would stay. And what if he chooses to leave? What would you do?Would you stop living your life just because the other chose to live his dreams? In real love, both should be encouraging each other to fulfill their dreams whether or not they do it side by side or far away from each other. Love can wait. If two people are meant for each other God will make a way because the will of God can never be broken. He will be the One opening doors for the two persons to meet. Arnel Pineda once sang a song with the lyrics â€Å"too much love can kill you†, and indeed it can. In a relationship, be it just a fling or a serious one, we can never be sure if that relationship would last.We are never sure if the person we are with right now is the person we are going to be with in the next ten or twenty years. And when we love someone too much, we believe that we cannot live life without him. That is why losing him may cause us to stop living our lives. This is not real love. Just like an old s aying being passed around for centuries, â€Å"Too much of anything is bad. † This proves that truly loving someone should never be too much because true love does not cause harm, but instead brings harmony. Furthermore, True love is selfless; infatuation is too much.Since romantic love is extremely selfless, a person may sacrifice everything and simply live his life for the other. This is wrong because any relationship is not exceptional from conflicts. And to top it all, we don't know for sure if this person we are having a relationship with, is the one we would last with. That is why a relationship should have a strong foundation with God. It has to continuously grow according to God's commands and laws. We also have to be able to have something in our personal life to back us up. Something that would keep us busy if anything goes wrong with the relationship. i. e. Spiritual Lives, Family and Friends, School Organizations, Work)Loving and having relationships is really har d to understand. When our heart unites with another, we feel a strong connection being formed. But when the connection is cut without understanding, the results can be disastrous. (i. e. Suicide) These kinds of incidents can be avoided if we take time to reflect and slowly grow as wisdom and understanding comes. In our generation today, teens often rush into relationships without building a strong foundation to be able handle them.A heart without enough strength to handle the trials of a relationship is like standing on thin ice forcing it not to break. But no matter how hard we try to stop it from breaking, it will crack. That is why, love and relationships should not be rushed because there are many trials and situations that only time can face and overcome. Therefore, losing someone we love should not stop us from living because there is someone better, destined by the will of God, to be with us. Love comes with a lot of perks, but at the same time comes with great responsibility and understanding.There are numerous kinds of things a misguided love or relationship can cause, be it suicide, murder or pregnancy. These points must be taken into serious considerations to prevent people from committing the same mistakes over and over again. This is also for the youth to be more guided when it comes to loving and relationships because many young lives are at risk when it comes to an unguided relationship. That is why the youth should always be guided and must know all these responsibilities in order to have a good relationship, and of course, one that will develop to grow and last.Moreover, love is one of the most amazing feelings a person can feel if used in the right way. And in the end, love will always be a powerful force. Whether we let it work its magic or try to repress it, love is still and always will be an inevitable force that binds us all. Source: Dictionary meaning of true love. Retrieved from: http://www. merriam-webster. com/ Bible Verse. Retrieved from: http://www. biblegateway. com/ (2013). Marriage. Retrieved from: http://www. pregnancyoutreach. org/articles/marriage

Definition and Examples of Dialect Leveling

Definition and Examples of Dialect Leveling In linguistics, dialect leveling refers to the reduction or elimination of marked differences between dialects over a period of time. Dialect leveling tends to occur when speakers of different dialects come into contact with one another for extended periods. Contrary to popular belief, theres no evidence that the mass media are a significant cause of dialect leveling. In fact, say the authors of Language in the U.S.A., there is considerable evidence that social dialect variation, especially in urban areas, is increasing.   Alternate Spellings: dialect levelling (UK) See Examples and Observations below. Also, see the following related terms: AccentCodificationEstuary EnglishKoineizationLanguage StandardizationReceived Pronunciation (RP)Regional DialectSpeech AccommodationStyle-Shifting Examples and Observations [D]ialect differences are reduced as speakers acquire features from other varieties as well as avoid features from their own variety that are somehow different. This may occur over several generations until a stable compromise dialect develops. -Jeff Siegel, Mixing, Levelling and Pidgin/Creole Development. The Structure and Status of Pidgins and Creoles, ed. by Arthur Spears and Donald Winford. John Benjamins, 1997Levelling, in this sense, is closely related to (indeed, results from) the social psychological mechanism of speech accommodation (Giles Powesland 1997; Trudgill 1986a:1-4), by which (provided mutual goodwill is present) interlocutors will tend to converge linguistically. In a situation (such as in a new town) where speakers of different, but mutually intelligible dialects come together, countless individual acts of short-term accommodation over a period of time lead to long-term accommodation in those same speakers (Trudgill 1986a:1-8). -Paul Kerswill, Dialect Levelling a nd Geographical Diffusion in British English. Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill, ed. by David Britain and Jenny Cheshire. John Benjamins, 2003) How Dialect Leveling Works New Zealand English, which was formed more recently than North American varieties, sheds some light on how dialect leveling works. Researchers there describe a three-stage process: the original settler generations kept their home dialects, the next generation chose somewhat randomly from all the linguistic options available, and the third generation leveled out the diversity in favor of the most frequent variant in most cases. Probably something similar happened in North America, centuries before dialectologists and tape recorders were around to document it. -Gerard Van Herk, What Is Sociolinguistics? Wiley-Blackwell, 2012 The Future of Dialects [A]ccording to Auer and colleagues, it is too early yet to tell if the internationalization of economic and administrative structures and the increase in international communication in present-day Europe will strengthen or weaken the traditional dialects (Auer et al. 2005: 36). For one thing, when no other variety is part of a speakers environment, accommodation is not an option. If urbanization is accompanied by the formation of ethnic or working-class enclave neighborhoods, traditional distinctions may be enforced through dense, multiple social networks (Milroy, 1987). Similar processes in the context of residential and educational segregation are responsible for the maintenance of substantial differences between the English of some African Americans and that of nearby whites. Furthermore, speech accommodation theory, as well as more recent adaptations of it (Bell 1984, 2001), also allow for the possibility of divergence as well as convergence. -Barbara Johnstone, Indexing the Loca l. The Handbook of Language and Globalization, ed. by Nikolas Coupland. Wiley-Blackwell, 20112 Americanisms in British English A phrase which has been ubiquitous in the past week is loved ones. Even Ian McEwan used it, in the elegy he wrote in this paper last Saturday. Loved One got currency in Britain in 1948, with Evelyn Waughs novella of that name. Waugh chose to be highly satirical about the American funeral industry and the obscene euphemisms (as he saw them) of its grief therapists. Mealy-mouthed, mercenary morticians disinclination to call a corpse a corpsethats what loved one connoted. For decades after Waughs blast, no writer of McEwans stature would have used loved one unless contemptuously and with anti-American intent. It still collocates mainly with American death. But its a striking example of dialect levelling (or linguistic colonialism) that its now in non-pejorative British usage. -John Sutherland, Crazy Talk. The Guardian, Sep. 18, 2001

AP Psychology Practice Tests Complete Collection

AP Psychology Practice Tests Complete Collection SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Practice tests are some of the best review tools for AP Psychology. They'll give you insight into your areas of weakness and prepare you for the structure and content of the real test. In this article, I’ll list all the official and unofficial practice tests available online and provide advice on how to use them to get a great score on the AP test. Official AP Psychology Practice Tests It’s best to use official practice tests when preparing for the exam because you can be sure that the questions are faithful representations of what to expect on test day. There’s a limited supply of released official exams, but you should be able to get enough practice out of them (and you can still supplement with some unofficial tests if necessary, which I’ll discuss in the next section). These two tests are pretty old, but there haven’t been any major changes to the exam since they were administered. They’re still valid as practice resources: 1994 Official Released AP Psychology Exam1999 Official Released AP Psychology Exam If you’re looking for a bit of extra free-response practice, you can try working on official free-response questions in isolation. Most of them also have accompanying answer keys to help you better understand what the graders are expecting: Official Free-Response Questions 2002-2016 (accessible with College Board account) Those are the only official practice tests I can legally link to, but you may be able to find additional tests online from other sources. Your teacher will also have access to practice testing materials that are not available to the general public. If you’re looking for more official AP tests, talk to your teacher and see if he or she can provide you with any extra resources. You must wear a nice blazer with a button up shirt when taking official AP practice tests. That's how the test knows that you're also official. If you wear sweatpants, it won't trust you with its secrets. Unofficial AP Psychology Practice Exams Unofficial practice tests can also be useful, although you shouldn’t rely on them completely. They’ll still test roughly the same content as the real test, but their questions may be phrased differently and have a slightly higher or lower difficulty level. Be sure to intersperse official practice tests with these unofficial ones in your studying. Barron’s Diagnostic Test This is a free diagnostic test from Barron’s. It has the same format as the real AP test, so there are 100 multiple-choice questions followed by two free-response questions. You can choose to take the test in practice mode (untimed) or timed mode depending on how comfortable you are with the material. The multiple-choice section is scored for you, and answers to free-response questions are available as well. This means that you won’t have to put in quite as much legwork to see where your mistakes happened. One drawback to the online format is that you can't directly replicate the conditions of the AP test. It will probably take you less time to fill in your answers than it would on a pencil and paper test. Kaplan Practice Tests Here you can find practice quizzes that cover all the different topics in the course as well as two comprehensive 100-question practice tests. Again, you can only take the tests online, so you won’t necessarily get as much out of the experience. There also aren’t any free-response questions, so you’ll have to look elsewhere (preferably the College Board website) if you want to practice them. Shmoop Practice Tests (accessible with free trial) Shmoop has a diagnostic test and two full-length practice examsthat mimic the content and format of the real AP test (free-response section included). You have to pay for an account eventually, but you can start off with a free trial and cancel before the first payment is due if you want. The rate for a student account is $24.68 a month. REA Online Practice Exam ($4.95) This is just one practice test, but it includes automatic scoring, and it analyzes your mistakes for you. The test is also timed, so testing conditions are replicated relatively accurately (minus the fact that it’s on the computer). How to Review With AP Psychology Practice Tests Practice tests can be used throughout the school year and in your final review sessions for the AP test. They are the best way for you to judge how advanced you are in your knowledge of the material. They’ll also help you gain familiarity with the format of the AP test so that you’re not caught off-guard on test day. Here’s some advice on how to use these tests in your studying at different points throughout the year: First Semester: In-Class Test Prep At this point, you’re just preparing for in-class tests and haven’t learned all the information for the course yet. You might decide to use practice sites that include focused questions on specific aspects of the curriculum, like this one. Still, the practice tests in this article may be helpful resources. You can sort through the free-response questions that were asked on previous administrations of the test to find ones that are relevant to what you’ve learned so far. It’s a smart idea to practice free-response questions well ahead of time because they require the most independent knowledge. Most students have a tougher time on this section than on the multiple-choice section because you don't get a list of options that might jog your memory about a certain term or concept. Guessing isn't a viable option, so it's important to prepare thoroughly. Second Semester: AP Test Prep As you head into your second semester, start thinking about prepping for the AP test with full practice exams. You will have learned most of the material by the middle of the second semester, so you'll be able to use practice tests to judge your skills more accurately. I'd recommend taking your first full-length practice test sometime in March. Online tests can be helpful, but make sure you print out some practice tests too. This is the only way to see whether your time management is on point. When you take a practice test, make sure you treat it seriously so that you can learn from your mistakes. After you finish the test, score it and investigate your incorrect answers. There are several reasons why you might answer a question incorrectly. It could be due to poor time management, a careless mistake, or a lack of content knowledge. If one of the first two problems is the source of many of your mistakes, you probably need to take more practice tests to get used to the format while learning to read more carefully and pace yourself better. If your mistakes have more to do with content knowledge, you can narrow your focus further by categorizing your wrong answers by subject (consult the list of topics in this article). This way, you can primarily study parts of the course that you struggle with and avoid wasting time on concepts you already understand. Once you’ve identified your mistakes on the practice test and taken steps to correct them, take another test to check your progress. Again, make sure you take this test with the same time limits as the real AP test. After you take the second test, repeat the steps of scoring it and looking through your mistakes. Continue this process until you feel fully prepared for the exam. It may be productive to practice free-response questions in isolation between full practice tests if you struggle with that section. The more familiar you are with the way free-response questions are asked and what graders expect, the more likely you are to ace the free-response section on the real test in May. These questions will also help reinforce your understanding of psychological terms because they often ask you to apply terms to a hypothetical real-life scenario. Keep working out your test-taking muscles until your brain looks like this dude. Essential AP Psychology Practice Testing Tips In this section, I'll list a few tips that are important to remember while using practice tests to review for AP Psychology. #1: Always Time Yourself I said it before, and I’ll say it again: If you want to assess your weak spots accurately, you need to time yourself as though you're taking the real test. You don’t want time pressure to be your downfall after working your butt off to memorize all the content. If you can get a parent, sibling, or friend who doesn’t have anything better to do for two hours to be a mock proctor for you, that’s even better! #2: Don’t Overthink It’s especially funny to list this tip for AP Psychology, but it’s also especially relevant to the way the questions are structured. You’ll see quite a few questions that seem complex but are actually just a matter of common sense. Try not to second-guess yourself on these types of questions. The test isn’t trying to trick you! #3: Be Direct in the Free-Response Section When some students think about free-response questions, they imagine writing a five paragraph essay. You don't have to do that on this test! All the graders want are the correct answers written in complete sentences. Forget about intros, conclusions, or any other fluffy stuff you’re tempted to include. #4: Put More Faith in Official Test Scores Than Unofficial Ones It’s tempting to believe that a high score on an unofficial test is valid, but it can get you into trouble. Keep in mind that some unofficial tests will be easier or harder than the real AP test because the questions weren't designed by the College Board. You should always include at least one official practice test in your studying so you can compare the difficulty levels and get an accurate reading on your progress. Some tests are LIARS! Conclusion Use the practice tests in this article as tools to bolster your prep for AP Psychology. Official tests and unofficial tests are both valuable resources, but pay more attention to your scores on official tests when judging your progress and skill level. Going over mistakes on practice tests will help you understand where your weaknesses lie and how you can fix them. If you take multiple practice tests, analyze your mistakes, and plan out your studying responsibly, you can expect high scores on the AP test and any in-class tests you take throughout the year. What's Next? Are you looking for more guidance in preparing for this test? Read my complete AP Psychology study guide here! You should also check out our description of Stockholm Syndrome (complete with examples) here. Review books can also be helpful study resources. If you're not sure which one to get, take a look at this list of the best AP Psychology books. What will a high score on an AP test really mean for you in college? Find out how AP classes can lead to college credits. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Evaluating Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Evaluating Human Resource Management - Essay Example After hiring these employees, it is their role to improve the performance of the staff and make sure that their contribution to the company gets larger and larger as they prolong their stay in the entity. Moreover, the management should also make sure that the employees they hired abide by the rules set by the company and to know the demands of these employees to avoid conflict against the company. Aside from employee selection and hiring, the human resource management is also responsible for the benefits and compensation each and every employee is entitled of. The management has to make sure that they meet the needs of these personnel to avoid labour unions forming that ought to go against the company policy. According to McNamara [2005], small scale businesses do not usually have their own human resource management because they cannot afford to acquire either part-time or full-time help from independent contractors. These small scale businesses do the function and activities of the human resource management on their own. The managers of these small businesses have to monitor the employees they hired and make sure they follow the rules and regulations. Although they are small-sized businesses, it is also their responsibility to provide employee’s manuals to their staff to let them know the rules and policies and the rights that they are entitled of. In addition to what McNamara [2005] said, the human resource management have undergone some big changes over the past 20 to 30 years. Before, the human resource department was even called personnel department, which is in charge of just the employee paper works, hiring and giving salaries to personnel. However, drastic changes occurred which improved and gave a bigger responsibility to the management. This big change include staffing, personnel management, giving out extensive training to the

Grafting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Grafting - Term Paper Example Grafting of appropriate plants result in improved hardiness in plants, hardiness refers to the ability of a plant to endure harsh climatic conditions. Through successful grafting for example, the showy Western Australian plants currently can resist the heavy soils common in urban centers (Core, 2005). Grafting has succeeded developing appropriate plants that fit different ecological conditions prevalent in different parts of the world. As discussed earlier, grafting conjoins two unique plants together thus resulting in the development of a unique new species. The resultant species benefits from the productive features of both the stock and the scion. In most cases, the stock always provide effective adaptive features of the root to enable the new plant survive in particular conditions while the scion provides effective foliage and flowing features that improves the productivity of the resultant plants. Precocity is a unique ability introduced only through grafting. It refers to the process of inducing productivity in plants without necessarily undergoing the juvenile stage. Introducing a scion in a stock disrupts the growth patterns of the resulting plant. Among the major advantages of the disruptions is that most of the plants bypass juvenility a period of growth and maturity in the plants. By passing the stage, the plants immediately begin producing fruits. This increases the profitability of agribusiness by shortening the time that fruit plants take before becoming fruitful. Bypassing the stage of juvenility is fundamental in agribusiness owing go the length of the duration, juvenility may last up to nine years in different plants. Bypassing the stage safeguards the quality and productivity of the plants since the new plat is likely to perform better than the two parent plants while doing so within the shortest time possible.

Goal Attainment & Social Responsibility Critique Essay

Goal Attainment & Social Responsibility Critique - Essay Example Many people assume that they know how to set goals for a better life. However, very few people understand the importance of setting goals and put it in practice. It is only about 20 percent of people who set effective goals and pursue them. This group mostly involves those people who are involved in business or other entrepreneurial activities that promotes goal setting. More worse is that, though these people set small and easily attainable goals only about 30 percent of them do achieve their goals. This makes one wonder how anyone can achieve anything remarkable in business or in life. Goals can be categorized as ‘be’ goals or ‘do’ goals. ‘Be’ goals are about what one wants to be while ‘do’ goals are about what one wants to do. In each category there are four areas of goals: wealth, health, relationship and self-fulfillment. Any goal will fall into one of these categories. When business professionals set goals, they are either wealth or relationship goals. Achievement however will involve the four areas there should be a balance in the four areas. In order to be successful in life one needs to have both ‘be’ and ‘do’ goals. However, when setting any goal it is advisable for one to identify the traps to avoid as he will be pursuing the goal. There are a number of reasons that hinder people from achieving their goals as they will be discussed in this essay (Tracy, 2004) Some people fail to achieve their goals because of fear of failure or even fear of success. Those who fear to fail feel that if they set goals and then fail to achieve people will think negatively about them. This makes them to fear to take even the first action towards the goal. Some also fear that if they succeed people will be jealous and think negatively about them. So this creates lose-lose situation, no matter how much effort they put. Achieving the goal has a

Life-changing Moments through Learning Experiences Essay Example for Free

Life-changing Moments through Learning Experiences Essay As each one of us may agree, life brings us a lot of experiences†¦ Experiences that could influence our next moves and actions in the future†¦ and eventually, these actions can impact changes into our lives†¦ It is a common knowledge that change is the only constant thing in this world. Nevertheless, aside from change, I can say that learning is also a constant and ever-evolving aspect in each individual’s life. It is because of the fact that whatever we do can eventually bring about new learning insights that will cause us to integrate and implement changes within ourselves. As for me, I have been truly aware of the changes that were made possible by the essays I have done for this course. In this regard, this paper aims to exemplify the changes in my outlook and disposition in life. Further, the essence of this paper shall revolve around my very own theme, which says, â€Å"life-changing moments through learning experiences†. The image below (which I especially made for this essay) depicts the theme of this paper, which is engraved in a colorful background. The different colors signify the various circumstances and experiences that we encounter in our lives. Those circumstances may be in green or yellow, red or blue, or perhaps, just plain black or white— life’s experiences can categorically bring about changes into us†¦ Indeed, we will never be the same again†¦

Rites of Passage Essay -- essays papers

Rites of Passage Every day someone enters into a rite of passage whether it be by starting school, a new job, marriage, a confirmation or communion rites of passage are common place. Two totally different cultures have totally different rituals and rites of passage. The Apache would most definitely have incredibly unique rituals compared to rural Maine and the catholic cultures therein. The best way to see the differences is to compare the two different cultures. Each ritual occurs in a holy place, the Apache on ritual grounds and the Confirmation rights at a specific congregation. The person who is about to participate in confirmation has gone to months of classes to prepare for this day, CCD it is titled and it is typically on a Sunday night at this particular congregation. The Apache girl has been well prepared as well, running and doing specific training exercises so that she will be ready for the grueling Sunrise Dance. In both societies the participant undergoes this ritual specifically because their parents and elders tell them to. They are too young to defy their parents or elders and submit basically because of the special knowledge that will somehow change them and prepare them for adulthood. The Apache girl has a godmother and godfather, which has no relation to her per say (blood relation), they are chosen based on their status in their society and they become a sort of guiding light for this girl during her Dance and adulthood all the way to when she is old and gray. The confirmation child has to choose his â€Å"sponsor† who is typically a relative or someone very special to him. This person also has a big part in the confirmation, guiding the child and being a big support center for the child. The reason for the Apache girl to start her Sunrise Dance is because of her first womanly cycle. She has a grueling task ahead of her when the Dance begins. She has a week of ritual ahead and much strenuous tasks. Her family, before participating must have about 10,000 dollars so that they can afford the gifts, food, etc. During the ritual the girl has absolutely no baths and isn’t allowed to touch herself except with a stick. She isn’t allowed to drink except with a straw. She is also allowed very little sleep during the week of her specific dance. During a specific part of the ritual her grandmother massages her body, which signifies a strong... ...er sees the end of the ritual as a rebirth. Both societies, the Apache and the Catholic culture definitely view this as a rebirth. The Apache seems more special because of the individuality that ensues with the Sunrise Dance. Confirmation is a rebirth into adulthood, but not alone, you are supported by all your classmates and friends. The reason that any young child submits to authority, other than fear, is because they know and realize that they can achieve great knowledge by listening to them and abiding by their practices. Because, look where it got them, at least to the age they are! Ritual changes people for better or worse, either way a change has been made and you aren’t the same after the ritual ends. The Apache girl has something she can tell her grandkids about, she has a vivid incredible memory that will never leave her. The confirmed has a memory too, a family time that brings people together, and we all know we love family time regardless of what occurs within we are happy to see that aunt uncle, and cousin we haven’t seen in so long. Rituals are times that should bring people together and change them for the better, as well as prepare them for the long roads ahead.

Tacitus Germania and Women

Germania, written by the Roman Cornelius Tacitus in 98 A. D, is a historical work on the warlike Germanic tribes located north of the Danube and the Rhine rivers. Anthropology is the study of societies, cultures, and origins of human races. In Germania, Tacitus describes the inhabitants, customs, and society of these Germanic tribes giving valuable anthropological insight. Tacitus specifically describes the role women held in these early Germanic societies.Germania is anthropologically insightful of Germanic women by showing the high regard the Germanic tribes held toward women; evidenced through the women's influence on wars, their role in society, and the Germanic marriage customs. Cornelius Tacitus was born in 56 A. D in the area of southern Gaul. By the year 75 he lived in Rome training as an orator. A year later he married the daughter of the consul Julius Agricola. In later years he wrote a biography of Julius Agricola. He eventually took up a career in politics rising from sen ator all the way up to the consulship in 97.After the consulship he continued with his political career as proconsul of Asia but began to write historical works as well. Some of Tacitus' major works include Agricola written in 97-8, Germania written in 98, The Histories, recording Roman history from 69 to 96, and The Annals, recording the history from 14 to 68. Tacitus is known as one of the greatest historians and prose stylists who wrote in Latin. His works The Histories and The Annals are among the masterpieces of Latin literature. Little evidence exists of Tacitus later life or the date of his death. 1Germania is split into 46 chapters or sections. Each one focuses on a different aspect of Germanic life and society. The book begins with a description of the geography of Germania with its boundaries of rivers, mountains, and the ocean. Tacitus then continues to describe the people themselves as a race â€Å"little affected by immigration† (37) because of their geography. T he name ‘Germania' came from the first people to cross the Rhine and defeat the Gauls. The inhabitants took the name Germani in honor of the conquerors and the terror they brought with them.Tacitus gives  descriptions of the Germani's religion, warlike society, home life, government, and the specific Germanic tribes or groups. With regards to religion, the Germani have many gods. Their most important god is Mercury. The Germani were known to give human sacrifices to appease Mercury at times. Other gods such as Hercules and Mars merely required animal sacrifices. The Germani are a very warlike society. Tacitus describes in detail their national war song to the gods sung before and during battle with a deep throaty roar. In the words of Tacitus, â€Å"The Germani have no taste for peace† (41). They are a culture of war.This warlike culture effects the home life and government of the Germani. Marriage is an important institution for the Germani and is highly revered. Tac itus cites that the women are in fact one of the men's greatest motivations for success in war. Though their kings are chosen by noble birth, they choose leaders for their valor. Neither the leaders nor the kings, however, have absolute power. Tacitus expounds upon all these aspects of Germani society in great detail. To conclude Germania Tacitus describes the specific practices of more than 20 individual nations and tribes within the area of Germania.The first evidence Germania gives of the Germani's high regard for women is apparent through the women's influence on the men during war. The women encouraged the men during war and had a great power to motivate the men. Tacitus explains how the women and children were the dearest possessions of the men and continues to say, â€Å"†¦ to them he looks for his highest praise. The men take their wounds to their mothers and wives, who are not afraid of counting and examining the blows, and bring food and encouragement to those fighti ng† (38).The women are taking a very active role in war through caring for the men. The men do not take this for granted, this is their greatest motivation. Tacitus explains more fully the women's ability to motivate the men, â€Å"Tradition has it that armies wavering and even on the point of collapse have been restored by the steadfast pleas of the women, who bared their breasts and described how close they were to enslavement – a fate that the men fear more keenly for their women than for themselves† (38).The women had such a strong power to motivate the men that they could restore the strength of a failing army. The Germani's high regard of women is evident by the women's ability to motivate and encourage the men during war. The thoughts and opinions of Germani women were regarded highly giving them a valuable role in society. Tacitus explains, â€Å"†¦ they believe that there resides in women something holy and prophetic, and so do not scorn their advi ce or disregard their replies† (39).Many societies, especially during this time, believed women to be incapable of intelligent reasoning. The Germani, however, believe women have something holy or prophetic within them. This caused the men to listen to the advice and opinions of the women rather than toss them aside as ignorant. This role of women, possessing something holy and sharing advice, shows a high regard for women in Germanic society. Lastly, the respect and honor shown to women through the Germanic marriage customs show a high regard for women.Tacitus praises the Germani's strict view of marriage. Tacitus describes their marriage customs, â€Å"They are almost unique among barbarians in being satisfied with one wife each†¦ The dowry is brought not by wife to husband, but by husband to wife. Parents and kinsmen attend and approve the gifts, gifts not chosen to please a woman's whim or gaily deck a young bride, but oxen, a horse with reins, a shield with spear an d sword† (43). By each man taking one woman for life the Germani demonstrate a value of women as more than property.The most unique and remarkable custom though regards the dowry. In most cultures the dowry is the gifts and inheritance the bride has to offer the groom. With the Germani, however, this is reversed. Instead the man must bring a dowry to offer the bride. The dowry is not made up of frivolous items for the bride to enjoy but practical items for living. This custom shows the brides worth and honor and demonstrates the Germani's view of women as being valuable and intelligent. The women of Germania are not pushed aside or placed at the bottom of Germanic society.Instead, they motivate the men in war renewing their strength when they are weary. The men value the women enough to place their safety above their lives in battle. The Germani believe the women to have something holy within them, so the men listen to them and do not disregard there advice. Finally, the men d o not trade women as possessions but honor them with a dowry and stay true to one woman in marriage. These anthropological insights of Germanic women described in Germania show the Germanic people held women in high regard in their culture and society.