Young Modulus Experiment

examine 1 Young Modulus Title twist of dig and coefficient of elasticity. Objective To study the affinity between subvert, sweep, width, apex and parenthesis of a radio beam, places on deuce bearers and arrogateed by a concentrated load at the centre. To ascertain the coefficient of elasticity for aluminium, brass and steel. Results measuring of visitation type (a) For beam substantial sword Length, L (mm) heaviness, h (mm) breadth, b (mm) beginning(a) yarn 650 3. 15 18. 97 2nd reading poppycock 650 3. 11 19. 03 tertiary reading 650 3. 12 18. 97 median(a) reading 650 3. 13 18. 99 (b) For beam material atomic number 13 Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) 1st reading 650 3. 25 19. 15 2nd reading 650 3. 21 19. 23 3rd reading 650 3. 21 19. 18 add up reading 650 3. 22 19. 19 (c) For beam material boldness Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) 1st reading 650 3. 31 19. 05 2nd reading 650 3. 34 19. 20 3rd reading 650 3. 35 19. 09 Average readi ng 650 3. 33 19. 11 Two unreserved supports decease. (a) digression of test ideal channelize material-Steel Mass(gram) commitment (N) parenthesis 1 (mm) difference 2 (mm) excursus 3 (mm) Average deviance (mm) atomic number 6 0. 981 0. 5 0. 45 0. 48 0. 43 cc 1. 96 0. 85 0. 88 0. 85 0. 86 ccc 2. 94 1. 30 1. 32 1. 38 1. 33 four hundred 3. 92 1. 74 1. 80 1. 81 1. 78 d 4. 91 2. 20 2. 24 2. 25 2. 23 (b) buckle of test specimen ship material-Aluminium Mass(gram) laden (N) deflexion 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 1. 18 1. 15 1. 16 1. 16 cc 1. 96 2. 43 2. 54 2. 40 2. 46 three hundred 2. 94 3. 72 3. 67 3. 72 3. 70 four hundred 3. 92 4. 98 5. 08 5. 10 5. 05 calciferol 4. 91 6. 07 6. 20 6. 15 6. 14 (c) Deflection of test specimen institutionalise material-establishment Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 1. 02 0. 97 0. 90 0. 96 200 1. 96 1. 80 1. 78 1. 74 1. 77 ccc 2. 94 2. 67 2. 78 2. 66 2. 70 400 3. 92 3. 49 3. 57 3. 52 3. 53 calciferol 4. 91 4. 37 4. 41 4. 37 4. 41 whiz fixed demise and unrivaled simple support check. (a) Deflection of test specimen post material-Steel Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 26 0. 23 0. 27 0. 25 200 1. 96 0. 48 0. 45 0. 47 0. 47 ccc 2. 94 0. 69 0. 70 0. 70 0. 0 400 3. 92 0. 97 0. 88 0. 88 0. 89 ergocalciferol 4. 91 1. 15 1. 12 1. 12 1. 13 (b) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Aluminium Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm)Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 60 0. 67 0. 69 0. 65 200 1. 96 1. 28 1. 19 1. 20 1. 22 300 2. 94 1. 80 1. 80 1. 82 1. 81 400 3. 92 2. 37 2. 43 2. 45 2. 42 vitamin D 4. 91 2. 97 2. 98 3. 01 2. 99 (c) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Brass Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 1 00 0. 81 0. 47 0. 42 0. 48 0. 46 200 1. 96 0. 90 0. 86 0. 86 0. 87 300 2. 94 1. 30 1. 28 1. 30 1. 29 400 3. 92 1. 73 1. 70 1. 71 1. 71 500 4. 91 2. 14 2. 14 2. 13 2. 14 Calculations * Two simple supports end To calculate the moment of inertia I = bh312 I = event of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) To fall the beam Young modulus E = F? (L348I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = fleck of Inertia ( m4 ) F? = Slope of chart line deflection versus force ( N m-1 )Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99 ? 10-33. 13 ? 10-33 12 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00223-0. 00043(600? 10-3)3484. 853? 10-11 = 3. 920. 00180. 2162. 329 ? 10-9 = 201. 94 grade point average Beam material Aluminium I = bh312 = 19. 19 ? 10-33. 22 ? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00614-0. 00116(600? 10-3)3485. 339? 10-11 = 3. 920. 004980. 2162. 563 ? 10-9 = 66. 35 grade poin t average Beam material Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11 ? 10-33. 33 ? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 1. 962-0. 9810. 00177-0. 00096(600? 10-3)3485. 880? 10-11 = 0. 9810. 000810. 2162. 822 ? 0-9 = 92. 69GPa * One fixed end and iodin simple support end I = bh312 I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) E = F? (3. 5L3384I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F ? = Slope of graphical record line deflection versus force ( N m-1 ) Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99? 10-33. 13? 10-3312 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00113-0. 000253. 5(600? 10-3)33844. 853? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 000880. 7561. 86 ? 10-8 = 181. 47 GPa Beam material AluminiumI = bh312 = 19. 19? 10-33. 22? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00299-0. 000653. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 339? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 002340. 7562. 05 ? 10-8 = 61. 92 GPa Beam material Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11? 10-33. 33? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 905-0. 9810. 00214-0. 000463. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 880? 10-11 = 3. 9240. 001680. 7562. 26 ? 10-8 = 78. 13GPa hypothetical value for newborn modulus of Steel = 200GPa nonional value for green modulus of Aluminium = 69GPa notional value for young modulus of Brasses = 100-125GPa Discussion establish on the results, the data-based young modulus for Steel is 201. 94 GPa by apply two simple supports end. Besides that, the experimental young modulus for Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and for Brass is 92. 69 GPa. On the early(a) hand, when the test is carried out by apply one fixed end and one simple support end, the experimental young modulus for Steel is 181. 47 GPa, Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and Brass is 92. 69 GPa. ground on the results from the both method, the coefficient of elasticity for Aluminium is the highest among Steel and Brass as it has the worst value of young modulus.By compa ring with the theoretic young modulus for Steel, Aluminium and Brass, the experimental young modulus for specimen by using two simple supports end is more faithful than using one fixed end and one simple support end. This is be start when the beam is tighten only at one side, it leave behind causes the beam to deflect unequally at both side. Thus, the control cypher readings recorded testament be inaccurate. thither are some factors that may affect the experimental results to be inaccurate when this experiment is carried out.One of the factors that lead to inaccurate results is because of the atmosphere about the laboratory. The strong air from the air-conditioner will cause the load to be unstable and shake when the reading is taken. Thus, the readings in the dial try will be changing as the load is moving. Besides that, misalignment fallacy will also affect the experimental results to be inaccurate. The dial pot is not come down to the center of the test specimen. Thi s is important because the deflection of a beam placed on two bearers will be abnormal by a concentrated load at the centre.Moreover, parallax error may be occur when adjusting the height of the eagre so that the needle touched the test specimen. This error occurs because divers(prenominal) people have different viewing of the measurement at an angle. Furthermore, the dial gauge must be set to 0. 00mm every time the load hanger is hinge on on the center of the test specimen. This stairs need to be done forrader the readings is taken so that the results will not be interfere by the earlier experimental results. The readings by the dial gauge must be taken when it is already fixed and stabilize.Therefore, softly tap on the dial gauge until the reading did not change to ensure that the load had already stabilize before the dial gauge reading is recorded. Conclusion When the width and the height of the beam increases, the moment of inertia figure will increase. Besides that, whe n the load and span increases, the deflection of a beam will also increases. This shows that the load and span is outright perpendicular to the deflection of a beam. found on the results from both method, the coefficient of elasticity is increase from steel, brass and aluminium.